CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the
Study
In
daily life, people communicate with other from the time they wake up until they
go to bed. Communication is a basic human activity, and the basis of all human
communication is called language. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal
symbols which permits all people in a given culture, or other people who have
learned the system of that culture, to
communicate or to interact (Finocchiaro,1974:3). By means of languages, people
are able to convey messages, feelings, and thoughts in their mind, so that they can interact with each other. As a devise for
communication, language is an effective means of expressing ideas and feeling
both in spoken and written form to communicate or to interact with other people who use the language.
Everything
is impossible without language. Furthermore, language gives people a way to
communicate easier and helps the people socialize in the society. The purpose of language is to communicate.
Lubis (1988:10) says that one form of communication is the interaction between
speakers. The interaction includes the way speaker to convey meaning and
express their feeling, how people do with words and utterances and then form
good sentences to be sent to other speakers. However, misunderstanding can
always occur in daily life conversation, because the speakers do not find
appropriate words to express their feeling, even thought the speakers try to
use the media of communication properly.
To
avoid misunderstanding between the speakers, they usually try to convey the
messages hardly and find another way or strategy to convey the messages.
Sometimes, when they get stuck in the middle o conversation, they will change
the words could not find with mime, gesture, and face expression or translate
the words unknown into the native language, even, they laugh in the middle
utterance. Since the topic only run to the buses, they use strategies to convey
the messages.
There
are many situations in which the speakers use communication strategies to
transfer messages correctly according to the messages exist. Usually,
communication strategies used when the speakers become aware that the words
structure seem do not to be shared and the communication is breakdown.
Communication strategies used to help them to convey the messages easier and
clearer and to bridge the gap between the speakers and listeners, dealing with
their misunderstanding. So mutual intelligibility is formed. Mutual
intelligibility is a condition when both
speaker and listener find the goals of communication and understand what
the linguistics signals sent from another speaker.
To
make a clear speech and to avoid misunderstandings, the knowledge that the
speakers should master is communicative competence. It is understood as the
underlying system of knowledge and skill required for communication. In making
communication, communicative competence is very important. I realize that communicative competence of each people
is different The term of communicative competence has been defined in the
following ways:
Communicative
competence may be defined as ability to
function in a truly communicative setting that is in a dynamic exchange in
which linguistic competence much adopt itself to the total informational input (Savignon
quoted by Lubis 1988:1). Communicative
competence was understood as the underlying systems of knowledge and skill
required for communication (e.g. knowledge of vocabulary and skill in using the
sociolinguistics convention for a given language) (Canale and Swain quoted by
Lubis 1988:1). In Savignon’s definition as quoted by Lubis
(1988:1), there is one thing to know about language. There is the suggestion
about language or linguistic competence
being or modulated by context. Whereas in Canale, to some extend reflecting the
change; there is the notion that the communicative competence as a function of
many systems, language being one of them.
Hymes as quoted by Sari (1988:1)
says that in communicative competence, it is involved of seven components of conversation, there are sender,
receiver, message form, channel, code, topic, setting and the interaction between
them. A member of participants needs to
be able to function both as speaker and listener and select appropriate message
form, channel, and code according to the topic and setting.
In
assessing linguistics competence, it is not enough for us to study only in
practical or educational purposes. I am
interested not just in the fact that someone knows a language but that
he knows how to use it. In this thesis, I try to search about the language,
which is spoken by foreigners, and how they????????????????????????
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