CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Human
beings always need to interact with others to fulfill their needs. To achieve
that, they use a means called language. Language is a system of choices by
which people can communicate certain functions, allowing us to express their
experiences of the world, to interact with others, and to create coherent
messages (Hyland, 2004: 25). Ronald
Wardraugh (1992: 1) says that a language is what the members of particular
society speak. The language in the world must be understood and appreciated.
Without having language, people are isolated and helpless. They never stop
learning language-from the babbling of babies to the voracious preschool years (Derewianka, 1990: 3). It is
now widely recognized that people learn through language-that language is
absolutely central in the learning process.
The
perception of the world is constructed through language, and it is through
language that people are able to interact with others in their world. In
schools, people could virtually say that
“language is the curriculum” (Derewianka, 1990: 3). It means that students are
constantly learning language, learning through language, and learning about language. So, language is
as a main part. Without language, teaching – learning process can not be done
because when a teacher and students want to say something of course they need
language both written or spoken language.
Language
has a central role in a development of students’ intellectual, social and
emotional and also as a factor of the students’ success in learning all the
lessons (School Based Curriculum, 2000: 277). As Chomsky (1979: ix) states that
language plays as an essential role in thinking and interacting. It has an
important role in the intellectual, social, and students’ emotional
development. It is a decisive factor of
getting success in learning lessons. Language is not only used to express human
mind but also to explain human imagination then to arrange and to distribute to
the others. The learning of language hopefully helps the students to understand
themselves, their culture and other culture. Beside it, the learning of
language also helps them capable of showing their ideas and feeling, take part
in a society and even finding and using
their analytic and imaginative ability (School Based Curriculum, 2000:
402).
English
is one of the international languages.
English used as a means of communication both oral and written in order to
cooperate among people in the world. English is taught all over the world, by
all sorts of teachers to all sorts of learners (Hadfield, 1999: ix). Since
years ago, English has been an important role in Indonesia. It is the first
foreign language.
In
educational context, English has functions as a means of communication in order
to fulfill the needs of daily
conversation, getting knowledge, a means of keeping the relation to others,
giving and receiving information and as a means of enjoying language ethics in
English culture context. In Indonesia, English is taught as a compulsory
subject for students from the first grade of junior high school up to third
grade of senior high school.
Teaching
English as a foreign language is not an easy task. Teaching and learning a
mother language and foreign language
would also need \different approaches and methods. As Finochiaro (1974: 12)
states that learning a foreign language is different from learning a native
language because the students’ environment in achieving their first language
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