CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
of the Study
English is one of the human
languages in the world that has important role in communication. It has become
international language and almost practiced in all part of life, especially in
this global era that has full of competition and English becomes one of
determiners and assessments of the competition. So that it is important for us
to learn the language. It is similar to the statement that English has
dispersed and diversified, has been adopted and adapted as an international
means of communication by communities all over the globe.
There are four skills that we have
already known in English, namely writing, speaking, reading and listening.
Later, the skills should be taught better to master and get complete thought
about English itself because each skill has general or specific function in
communicating. But we cannot deny that speaking is the most important one for
asking information and conversely for delivering information, speaking is the
direct system of communication.
Speaking is like the first
assessment for each learner who is studying English and each learner has to
speak. This statement means an obligation, duty, task, fact, implementation,
process, and it can be learning, although we still find some students are
speaking little or even passive in the classroom, and it can be caused of many
things include the students, the class situation, environment, teaching method,
technique, approach or even from the teachers who cannot deliver their material
successfully.
In this last century, many linguists
and educators give more attention in action research to teach English as a
foreign language. According to Stephen Kemmis and Hopkins in book of A
Teacher’s Guide to Classroom Research states that action research is a form of
self reflective inquiry undertaken by participants in a social (including
education) situation in order to improve the rationality and of their own
social or educational practices justice,
their understanding of these practices, and the situation in which practices
are carried out.
The researcher has found similar
case in MTsN Sagulung Batam,at seven class where the students cannot say
something perfectly in English. They do not know what they must say and how to
say, they look very confuse to express the ideas on their mind even not active
enough on their speaking class, and it can be seen as the last score of the
students that almost do not achieve minimal criteria, 65. According to the
teacher’s experiences that the problem relates directly to the teaching method
and how the teacher delivers material. There is no specific method to teach
English, we are not controlling the class but we are controlled by the class
and situation. Speaking is the most important lesson that the students should
be mastered, but in fact speaking becomes the most difficult lesson to understand
by the students, so that the speaking always becomes passive class in every
meeting.
Based on the fact as previous
problem above, then, the researcher emphasized the problem and tried to
investigate what idea came in his mind and began to collect his literatures
based on the problem, analyzed focus of the problem and appropriate extends
that would be needed to be practice driven in this research preparation. His
research is about speaking in early production or to the student who will begin
to produce their sentences and deliver the idea without worrying any failure;
his target is to improve the students’ speaking ability at seven class of MTsN
Sagulung Batam.
Teaching speaking is an interesting
and challenging duty for teacher for some considerations. An English teacher is
asked to be more creative with flexible lesson planning in teaching this skill,
like selecting an appropriate technique, materials, teaching instructions,
teaching aids, and time allocation which can help the students in their process
to speak the language well.
There are
many methods can be adopted by the teacher in teaching this skill, and one of
them is Action Function Method. This method focuses on meanings and
natural communications (use) . It developes communicative competence.
Developing the communicative competence produces learners’ acquisition and
fluency.
Speaking
is a chance for everybody to learn anything, a variety of speaking performances in the language classroom is derived
more from different vocabularies and texts.
This method will be applied with
interesting situation in the classroom, and it consists of introduction,
concert, elaboration, production that are oriented through classroom action
research, so that the students feel the process of learning directly. Class will
be set as situation of English that automatically engaged students to express
their ideas easier and free and it means
that a class situation where the whole contents of study include the teacher,
the students, class decoration, instructions, material, situation, and others
have become unity that relate each ??
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